Washing apparatus



Dem 24, 1935. J, H CLARK Y WASHING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24,' 1935 @Inventor- Jsse H. Clar-k,

` His ttheg. l

Patented Dec. 24, 1935 UNITED STATES l .2,025,571y WASHING APPARATUS -Jesse H. Clark, Cicero, Ill., Dishwasher Corporation,

Delaware Application `My invention relates to washing`l apparatus, more particularly to apparatus -foi'l washing dishes, and has for its object the provision of improved apparatus of this character.

More specifically, my invention relates to dishwashing apparatus wherein'y a cleansing fluid, such as water, is circulated orhurled through the washing chamber or vat `by suitable power driven means, such as a motor driven impeller.

In one of its aspects, my invention contemplates the provision of improved means for supplying the washing vat with a cleansing fluid. My improved fluid supply means comprises suitable means for spraying the fluid supplied to the vatover and about the dishes and other utensils supported therein so that a cleansing action is effected while the fluid is being supplied .to

the vat.

In another of its aspects, myinvention contemplates the provision ofy improved' drainage means for the vat.

My invention further contemplates `the proviesion of improved means for controlling the washing apparatus whereby a predetermined cleansing cycle including rinsing and` washing operations may be effected in a convenient and efiif cient manner, or whereby any one of the cleansing yoperations of the cycle may be had independently of the remainder.

In carrying my invention into effect in one form thereof, I provide suitable conduit means for supplying a cleansing duid to the vat including upright conduit members spaced at inter` vals about the iiuid circulating impeller. Each conduit is provided with a portion inturned toward the axis of the impelller, which usually is coaxial with the central vertical axis of the vat. Each of the inturned portions of these fluid supply conduits terminates in a conduit arranged vertically and substantially in the axis of the irnpeller and vat. This vertical conduit supports and is inffluid communication with a suitable reaction spray device which is arranged to hurl lthe fluid supplied to it over and about the utensils i-n the vat. y

My improved drainage means for the vat comprises a pair of drain ports arranged at different levels in the lower portion of the vat. The lower of these ports is controlled by means Aof a valve. The upperjof the ports constitutes` an overflow so as to establish the maximum free liquid level in the vat. Eachofkthese ports communicates with a common discharge. passageway. common discharge passageway in turn communicates with a.l discharge pump. Wliih preferably 4This assignor to Walker a corporation of January 24, 1933, Serial No; 653,243 12 Claims'. (Cl.]1419) will be driven by an electric motor. The drain `valve is operated between'its open and closed positions by means of an electromagnetic device.

Preferably, the uid conduit supply means and the pump discharge will be in fluid'communication with a suitable flexible conduit y-member which will be provided with a pair of passageways communicating respectively with the dis.- charge of the pump and with the fluid supply conduit means. v

In order to control the operation of the im-. peller driving motor, the motor for driving the fluid discharge pump, and the electromagnetic device for controlling the drain valve so asA to establish a predetermined cycle of operation of these members, I vprovide a single multiposition control switch arranged to control the energizing circuits for these members. The control switch is so arranged that it can be moved suc-v cessively to a plurality of controlling positions so as to effect a predetermined cleansing cycle including Washing and rinsing operations, or can be moved selectively to various controlling positions so that either rinsing or washing operations can be had, as desired.

For a more complete understanding of myvinvention, reference should be had to the accompanyingdrawing in which Fig. 1 is a vertical elevation of dishwashing apparatus embodying my invention, portions being broken away and portions being shown in section so as to illustrate certain structural details; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan Yview of a portion. of the dishwashing apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an elevation, mainly in section, of aspray device arranged in accordance Withmy invention and used in the dishwashing apparatus of Fig. l; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, taken at right angles to the corresponding parts shown in Fig. 3; Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive are diagrammatic views illustrating certain control mechanism used to control the dishwashingapparatus of Fig. l, -the successive figures illustrating the control mechanism in different operative positions; and Fig. 10 illus-` lng apparatus comprises a casing I0 havinglfront the lower and upper portions of the vat.

and rear walls II and I2 respectively and side walls I3 connecting the front and rear walls.- These walls, as shown, aresuitably shaped and joined together to define a substantially rectanguiar casing. The walls are formed of a suitable sheet material, such as steel, preferably enameled, and may be formed integrally of one sheet, or may be formed separately and secured together in any suitable manner, as by welding. 'I'he casing I is supported by means of a suitable framework I5 whichin turn is` supported at its rear by means oi a pair of legs I6 (only one of which isr shown) and at its front by means of a pair of suitable wheels I1 (only one of which is shown). Attached to the rear Wall I2 is a suitable handle I8 whereby the rear of the casing may be ele. vated so that the entire apparatus can be moved on its wheels I'I. The framework and vat are strengthened by reenforcing members I9.

Supported by and within the casing I0 is a washing chamber or vat 20.- 'I'he vat 28 is fovrdmed of some "suitable material, such as sheet metal,

shaped tol denne a relatively deep chamber,

e preferably square in cross-section. The vat is supported at its upper end by the upper walls of the casing I0 to which it is secured in any suitable manner. I have not shown the details of the particular mounting means for the yvat 20 since this forms no part of mypresent invention.

The upper wall 2| of the casing is provided with a suitable aperture 22 through which access -can be had to the vat 20. This aperture 22 normally is closed by means of a suitable cover 23 Y connected at its rear lto a rear portion of the upper wall 2| by means of suitable hinges 24. Secured to the handle I8 attached to the rear wall I2 of the cabinet is a suitable upright standard I25 constituting a support for the cover y 23 when ithe latter is moved to its full openi position.

Preferably, the vat 20 and also the cover mem-- ber 23 will `be formed from va suitable rustresisting steel which will be plated or enameled. It is to be understood that suitable removable openwork baskets or racks will beprovided in Only i the lower rack 21 is shown. This rack and also the upper rack which cooperates with it preferably will be of the constructions described and claimed in the copending application of Forrest A. Walker, Serial No. 621,042, filed July 6,1932 and assigned to the sameassignee as this invenf tion.

I'he bottom 'wall vof the vat 20, as shown, is provided with a plurality (four) of inclined portions which slope downwardlytoward the center of the bottom of the vat and terminate in an opening 3I arranged centrally of the vat. In the lower portion of thervat above the opening 3l is a suitable impeller 32 arranged to rotate on an axis substantially coaxial with the central vertical axis'of the vat andof the open,- .v ing 3l. The impeller 32 iscperated by means of an electric motor 33 mountedrfbelow the bottom wall of the vat and having its shaft extend# ing through the opening 3| and operably connected with the impeller. l

The motor 33 is supported from the bottom wall of the vat by means of a bushing 34. bushing is provided with a substantially horizontal annular flange 35 which rests upon the inner surface of a suitable substantially fiat supporting ledge 36 surrounding the opening 3I provided inthe bottom wall and formed'from the material'of the bottom wall. The bushing is arranged therein.

'also provided with a depending cylindrical porshown) The impeller driving motor 33 is mounted upon the frame 38 so that its shaft 4I passes through the bushingv '34 into the vat substantially coaxial with the axis of the opening 3I and the central vertical axis of the vat. The motor shaft 4I has a mechanical driving connection with the impeller 32, which connection may have any suitable construction, thel details of which 20 are not shown.

The impeller 32 is provided with blades 32a which may have any suitable sh'ape, the important feature being that the blades be given a shape such that cleansing fluid placed in the lower portion of the vat will be thrown upwardly and outwardly in an eilcient manner through the dish-supporting trays by the rotary motion of the impeller. 'I'he impeller together with its blades will be formed from any suitable material, such as cast aluminum, or pressed steel.

A suitable cleansing fluid, such as hot water, is introduced into the vat through the mediumof a suitable spray device comprising a, reaction noz-l zle member 42. y Water is supplied to the spray 35 device by means of suitable conduit means including a pair of upright conduits 43 and 44 disposed substantially` 180 apart so as to be posi-` tioned on opposite sides of the impeller 32, and arranged with respect to the path swept by the impeller blades 32a so as to provide ample clearance for thesemembers. The conduits 43 and 44 are secured at their lower ends in a suitable ringshapd conduit 45 supported on the bottom walls 30 of the vat. The conduits 43 and 44 areplaced 45 in'iiuid communication with'the circular conduit 45 by means of suitable connecting members 45.'

' The upper portions y43a and 44a ofthe conduits .43 and 44, as shown, are turned inwardly 4at nearly right angles to the vertical portions of the` conduits toward each other and terminate in a chamber 4l arranged substantially in the vertical'axis of the vat 20 and in the axis of rotation cleansing fluid or water issuing from them is directed through' different paths which .sweep through substantially the entire' upper portion of the vatand through the dish-supporting `racksl ,Y 65 The nozzles 50 and 5I are deiined by means of a pair of members 52 and 53 (Figs. 3 and 4).

Each of the members 52 and 53 is of angular shape and each is provided with a channel 52a,- 53a having substantially the same angular form as has the member in which it is formed. The` two nozzle 'members'52 and 53 are assembled with the passageways 52h, and 53h facing each other and so that one portion 52h, 53b,'as shown (Figs. 3 and 4), of each channel cooperates with a cor- 75 when water is supplied to the nozzle device underl responding portion of the other channel to define a passageway 54 having a substantially circular crosssection, whereas the remaining portions 52e and 58o are angularly disposed with respect to each other on opposite sides of the center line of the passageway 54. It will be observed that by reason of this arrangement the channel 54 merges into the channel portions 52e and 53e which open into the vat in diametrically opposite directions, It will also be noted that pressure it will flow through the passageway 54 to the channels 52e and 58e from which it will issueon opposite sides of the nozzle member thereby causing the nomic device to rotate by the reaction of the wat'er on the members 52 and 58.

'Ihe portions of members 52 and 53 defining the channel portions 52h and 58h are threaded so that when theoparts are assembled, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, Vthey cooperate to `define a contlnuous threaded section 55. The members 52 and 58 are provided with a tongue and groove arrangement 56 whereby the parts are properly positioned with respect to each other.

The nozzle members 52 and 53 are secured and supported by means of l. suitable sleeve l1 which at its upper end is provided with an internal thread 58 arranged to receive the threaded section provided on the nozzle members. Preferably, the nozzle members will be Aprovided withabutments 59 to limit the distance that the nozzle members can be screwed into the supporting sleeve 51.

The supporting sleeve 51 is rotatably mounted upon a suitable sleeve 60 which in turn is supported by means of the vertically arranged conduit 48. As shown, the sleeve 88 is secured to the conduit 48 by means of a nipple 6I which is in threaded engagement with the upper end of the' conduit 48 and which receives the lower end of the sleeve 60. The upper end of this nipple 6|, as shown, bears against a suitable abutment 62 provided on the sleeve 60, and the lower end of the sleeve is peened or otherwise flanged, as indicated at 53,-so as to bear against the inner walls of the nipple. This provides a rigid mechanical connection between the conduit 48 and the sleeve 6|). In the upper end of the sleeve 68 is arranged an4 outwardly projecting flange 64 which Vcooperates with an abutment 65 arranged beneath it on the sleeve 51. It will be observed that by reason of the foregoing arrangement, the longitudinalv movement of the sleeve 51 with rcspect to the supporting sleeve 68 is 4limitedby means of the flange 65 on the one hand and the pipe coupling 6| on theother. l

It will beobserved that the uld which is sup--` plied 'to the conduit 48 will flow through thesleeve to the nozzle members 52 and 53 from which it will issue causing the nozzle member to rotate together with the sleeve 51.

The conduit 48 supports a tray or basket 86 by means of abutments 66a on its lower end.

' Suitable upright fins 66h are supported by the conduit and arranged to hold the tray in "an upright position. Preferably, a suitable shield 66e will be carried on the upper end of the sleeve 51 in position slightly below the nozzle openings so as to substanti-ally close the upper end of the central "tubular portion of the basket 86. vThis shield functions to prevent silverware and other utensils from falling into the tubular member.

Water is supplied to the conduit 45 by means ofl a conduit 51which, as shown, enters the vat through a suitable aperture provided for it in the bottom wall; this Axi'ninicates with a conduit 68 arranged beneath conduit 61in turn com--l the bottom wall of the vat.- This conduit 68 communicates with a suitable flexible conduit 10.

The conduit 10, as willl be pointed out in greater 5 detail hereinafter, serves to connect the conduit 88 with a suitable source of fluid supply.

A .drainage outlet 1| `is provided in the lower portion of the bottom wall of the vat 28. This outlet or port 1| communicates with a drain 10' chamber 12. Arranged above this drain port 1| is asecond drain portv13 which preferably will be screened. The lower port 1| is provided with a suitable drain valve 14, whereas the upper port v13 is open at all times. The port 13 as 1 5 well as the port 1| communicates with the drain chamber 12. o i It will be observed in viewv of the 'foregoing arrangement, that Awhen the' drain" valve 14 is closed and water is supplied' to the vat, the free 20` liquid level will be determined by the level of the port 13; this drain port constitutes an overflow passageway and is a measure of the quantity of cleansing fluid that can be supplied to the vat. It will be understood that the port 13 will 25 be so arranged that it will allow the proper amount of water to be supplied for` efficient cleansing. The valve 14, as shown, is carried by an arm 15 that is arranged to rotate on a shaft 18. The arm 15 is prbvided with a port 11 on the side 30 oi the shaft 18 opposite to the valve 14, and co4 operating with this portion 11 is a suitable tension spring 18 arranged to bias the valve to its open position. The valve is moved'to its closed position against the bias of the spring 18 by 35 means of an electromagnetic device 80. The armature 8| of this electromagnetic device, as shown, is connected with the lever 11 through alink 82 arranged so that when the electromagnetic deviceis energized, the link 82 will be moved V40 to engage the lever` 11 so as to move the lever 15 to close the valve. Preferably, the link 82 will have a resilient connection 83 with the lever 11. l v

A suitable pump 84 isfprovided to pump the45 water from`the vat to a suitable drain conduit. As shown; the pump 84 is supported by the botftom wall of the drain chamber 12 and has its intake 85 communicating directly with this chamber. The discharge 88 of the pump communi- 50 .cates with the flexible conduit member 10. Ther flexible conduit 10, as shown, is provided with a sageway 8] of which communicatesP with the intake conduit 6,8, while the passageway 88 com- 55 municates -wit-h the' pump discharge 88. The flexible conduit 10 thus serves both to convey fresh cleansing water to .the vat and to c'arry the soiled discharge water from the vat. The intake conduit 81 communicates with a ,suitable so nipple 89 which is arranged to fit over a spigot or other faucet device leading from a 'source of water supply. The conduit 88 is connected with the discharge 88 of the pump and communicates with a suitable discharge port 90. Thus, ever. 55 though the nipple 89 is attached to a supply faucet, it is possible to discharge soiled water from the vat by 'way of the conduit 88 and port 90 into a sink or other suitable discharge receptacle.

The pump 84 is driven by means of a suit- 70 able electric motor 8| which as shown has a 'direct driving connection with, the .impeller of ythe pump. Preferably, the motor 8| will be 32, the drain valve 14 and the discharge pumpA The impeller driving motor 33, the electromagnetic device 90 and the pump driving motor 9| preferably will be provided with a common source of electrical supply 93, which may be either direct or alternating current.

The energizing circuits for the two motors 33 and 9| andior the electromagnetic device 80 are controlled bymeans of a single manually operable-multi-position switch 94 which has a pair o! stationary contacts 95 and 99 each of which comprises a set of three contacts. The stationary contact 95, as shown, includes three vertically spaced contacts 91, 99 and 99, the two contacts 91 and 99 Abeing of substantially equal length and being relatively long as compared with the contact 99. These contacts are supported on a-member 95a which also .electrically interconnects the contacts. The stationary' contact 99 includes three vertically spaced contacts |00,

|0| and |02 of substantially equal length and having substantially the same length Vas the contacts 91 and 99 of the device 95. The members are mounted on a support 99a formed of any lsuitable electrically insulating material. The contacts are, therefore, insulated from one another. Cooperating with these stationary contacts 95 and 99 area set of three movable contacts |03,` |04 and |05, verticallyspaced as are the three contacts oi.' each of the stationary contacts. The movable contacts |03, |04 and |05 are mounted on a common shaft which is operated by means oi' a suitable manuallyvoperable control knob |09 (Fig. 2). The contact |03 cooperates'with the contacts 91 and |00 of the contacts 95 and 99; the contact |04 cooperates with the contacts 99 and |0I, while the contact |05 cooperates with the two contacts 99 and |02.

'I'he movable and stationary contacts are so arranged that when the control knob |09 is moved successively to its controlling positions, apredetermined sequence of operation oi.' the impeller 94 will be eifected,'whereby a predetermined washing cycle including rinsing andA washing operations. will be effected, or the knob |09 may be moved selectively to controlling positions so that certain only oi.' the cleansing operations will be effected.

As shown in Figs. 5-9, inclusive, the contact device 95 is connected with one side of the supply sourcel 93 through a suitable conductor |01, and consequently as all three oi' the contacts 91, 99 and 99 are electrically interconnected, each oi.' these contacts is connected with the supply source through the conductor |01. 'I'he uppermost contact |00 is electrically connected with one side ,of the electromagnetic device 30 by means of a conductor |09, the opposite side oi' which is connected with the other side of the supply source 93 through a conductor H0; the contact |0| is electrically connected with one side oi.' the pump motor ll'bylmeans oi' a conductor lil, the ,other side o! the pump motor being connected with the remaining side o! the Asupply source by means` of a conductor I2; and th'e lower contact |02 is electrically connected with one side of the impeller motor 33 by means of a conductor li3while the' opposite side of the impeller motor is connected with the other 'side of the supply source 93* by means o! a conductor I4.

The control'niember |09.. assbown. has iive controlling positions: an Oil position, a Rinse" position. a Fill position, a Wash position and control is such that when the control member l is moved to successive positions from its oil! position, the dishes in the vat will be given a preliminary rinse, the vat will then be filled with the proper amount of water for the subsequent wash- 5 ing' operation, the washing operation will then be eiected and then the vat will be drained.

The operation of the control system may be better understood by reference to Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive. Fig. 5y illustrates the positionoi the parts when the control knob |09 is in its oi position. .It will be observed that when the knob I is in this position, both oi the pumps 33 and 9|, and also the electromagnetic device 80 will .f be deenergized.' As a result, the impeller 32 will be stationary and the drain valve 14 will be held in its open position by means oi' the spring 19.

A ssuming that the nipple 99 is attached to the faucet of a suitable source oi water supply 20 and that it is desired to begin the washing cycle, the faucet will be turned on and the control knob |09 will be moved to the Rinseposition. The movable contacts ofthe switching mechanism will be moved from their positions shown25 in Fig. 5 to their positions shown in Fig. 6 by movement of the control knob from the Oil to the Rinse" position. It will be observed that in the Rinse position o! the switch, the irnpeller motor .33 and the electromagnet will 30 remain deenergized, but the pump motor k9| will be energized. 'I'he waterwhich 'ows into the vat through the spray device 90 will issue 'therefrom so as to fall lover and about the dishes supported in the vat and eventually will nd 35 its -way to the port 1| through which it will flow to the discharge pump 94. The pump 94, which is operating, will pump the water through the passageway 39 of the ilexible conduit 10 to thel drain port 90 and hence to the sink. As long 40 as the control knob |09 remains in the Rinse position, lthe water will be supplied to the spray device v50 and from the spray device it will be hurled over and about the dishes supported in the vat and eventually will ilnd its way to the45 bottom of the vat and into the drain chamber l 12 from which it will be pumped through the flexible conduit 10 to the drain.

'Ihis preliminary spraying has three general functions, namely,*to remove the cold water from 50 the hot water line, to remove loose particles of food soil from the dishes and. to heat the dishwashing apparatus and contents thereby preventing heat loss from the water which is supplied for the washing operation proper.

When itis desired to eiect the washing operation proper, the control member |09 is moved from the Rinse position to the Fill position and after the proper amount of water has been supplied to the vat it will be moved to the Wash 60 position. Fig. 'I illustrates the Fill position'oi the switch. In'this position oi' the switch it will be observed that the electromagnetic device 90- will be energized so that when the knob |09 was moved to the Filr' position it will have 65,

. pump driving motor 9| cause the drain valve 14 is closed. However, when sufficient water has been supplied to the vat to,

cause the free liquid level to rise to the level of the upper drain opening 13y and'to flow through this opening water will be pumped through the drain passageway 68 and will appear at the discharge p'ort 90. This will be a signal to the attendant that the proper amount of water has been supplied to the vat for the subsequent washing operation, whereupon the attendant will turn off the faucet and move the control member |06 to the Wash position.

In this position of the control member, as shown in Fig. 8, the electromagnet 60 will remain energized so as to hold the drain valve 14 closed, the pump driving motor9| will be deenergined, but the impeller driving motor 33 will be energized. During this operation the waterwhich has been supplied to the vat will be hurled upwardly and outwardly through the dish-supporting racks with considerable force by means of the impeller. This operation will be continued until the dishes have been thoroughly cleansed, after which the control member |06 will be moved to the Drain position. The "Drain position of the switching mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 9. In this position, it will be noted that the electromagnetic device 80 will have been deenergized so that the drain valve can be moved to its open position by means of the spring 18, whereas the will' be energized so that the4 water which flows from the vat through the open port 1| will be pumped from the apparatus through the flexible conduit 10. While the water is being drainedv it will be noted that the impeller will be idle because the energizing circuit of its driving motor will have been broken by the movement of the control member to the Drain position. To caus the pump motor to cease operating, the control member |06 will be re.- turned to its Off position shown in Fig. 5.

It is to be understood that it is not necessary to go through the complete cleansing operation just described, but that either. the washing or the rinsing operation can be effected independently of the other. If it is desired to effect merely the rinsing operation, the control member |06 will be moved directly to the Rinse position, whereas if it is desired to effect the washing operation without the preliminary rinse it is merely necessary to move the control knob first to the Fill position and then to the Wash position. Moreover, after the dishes have been washed a final rinse may be had by moving the control` knob |06 directly to the Rinse position and turning on the water supply faucet after the vat has been drained. My system therefore provides a very flexible control in that a complete cleansing operation including both preliminary and final rinses together with a washing operation proper may be effected, or a. rinsing operation may be effected without the washing operation or the washing operation may be had without either the preliminary or `final rinses .or without either ofl these, as desired.

If desired a suitable shaft |20 may be provided to take power from the impeller driving motor 33 whereby auxiliary apparatus such as mixing devices, meat grinders, etc. may be driven by the impeller motor. As shown, a belt drive |2| isv provided between the impeller motor and the lower end of the shaft |20. The upper end of the shaft |20 emerges from the upper wall 2| of the vat casing, as shown in Fig. -2, and there is Vprovidad with a socket drivingv member |22. 'Ihis member can be used to drive mixing devices, meat grinders and the like. Or it may be used to drive a flexible shaft |23 that may be used to operate a scouring or cleansing device or whichmay be used to operate mixers, etc. 5 l While I have shown a particular embodiment of my invention, it will be understood, of course, that I do not wishto be limited thereto since many modifications may be made, and I, therefore, contemplate by the appended claims to cover 10 any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a portable dishwasher, a vaty having a 15 fluid intake port, and a bottom'wall provided with a pair of outlet ports therein arranged at fixed levels positioned one above the other, a valve controlling the lower of said outlet ports, a

Y common discharge chamber forboth of -sald outgo lower portion of said vat located to drain the $0 A contents of said vat, a drain valve controlling said port, an electromagnetic device controlling said valve, a second drain port in the lowerportion of said vat at a higher levelf'than said rst port communicating with said drain conduit so as 85 to establish the maximum free liquid level in said vat, a pump having its intake in fluid communication with said drain conduit, a motor for driving said pump, energizing circuits for said electromagnetic device and said motor, switching 40 means controlling said circuits anda control member for said switching means operative to a plurality of successive controlling positions so as to operate said switching means to establish a predetermined sequence of operation of said 46 electromagnetic device and said pump, and further, selectively operable to any one of said controlling positions independently of the others to operate said switching means to effect a corresponding control of said electromagnetic device 50 and said pump.

,3. -In dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat, means for supplyinguid to said' vat, a drain conduit havinga port communicating Awith the lower portion of said vat located to drain the 65 contents of said vat, a drain valve controlling lsaid port, an electromagnetic device controlling said valve to operate it to close said port, a seconddrain port in the lowern portion of said vat at a fixed level higher than said first port communicating. with said drain conduit and arranged to establish the maximum free liquid level in said vat, ,a pump having its intake in fluid communication with said drain conduit, a motor for driving said pump, energizing circuits for said elec- 05 tromagnetic device and pump motor and a single manuallyl operable multi-position switch controlling said circuits so as to establish a predetermined sequence of operation of said valve and said pump, and'further, selectively operable 70 to`any one of said controlling positions independently of the remainder to effect a corresponding control of said valve and said pump.

4. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat, means for supplying cleansing, fluid to said vat,

an impeller within said vat arranged to circulate a cleansing fluid in said vat, an electric motor for operating said impeller, a drain conduit having a port; communicating with the lower portion of said vat located to drain the contents of said vat, a drain valve controlling said portr an electromagnetic device controlling said valve to operate it to its closed position, a second drain port in the lower portion of said valve at a higher level than said first port communicating with said drain 'conduit so as to establish the maximum free liquid level in said vat, a discharge pumphaving its intake communicating with said drain conduit, an electric motor for driving said pump, controlling circuits for said impeller motor, said electromagnetic device and said discharge pumpmotor and switch means including a single multi-position manually operable control member controlling said circuits so as to determine a predetermined sequence of operation of said motors and said electromagnetic device wherein in one position of said switch said pump is operated while said valve is open and said impeller is idle, in another 'position said valve is closed while said pump is operated andsaid impeller 'is idle and in still another position said valve is closed while said impeller is operated and said pump is idle, said switch being arranged to be operated to any one of said positions to effect the corresponding control of said valve, pump and impeller independently of the controls effected in the other positions of said switch.

5. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat, means for supplying cleansing fluid to said vat, an impeller in said vat arranged to circulate a cleansing uid in said vat, an electric motor for driving said impeller, a drain conduit communieating with said vat through a port in the lower portion of said vat, a valve for said port, an

electromagnetic device controlling the operation of said valve, a discharge pump having its intake iniiluid communication with said drain conduit, an electric motor for operating said discharge pump, electric circuits controlling said electro-l magnetic device and said electric motors and a single manually operable multi-position switch operative to its positions ,successively so as to control saidY circuits to establish a predetermined sequence of operation of said motors and said" valve'and to any one of said positions selectively independently of the rest to eilect the corresponding control only of said motors and valve.

6. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat,

'means for supplying, cleansing fluid to said vat,

an impeller in the lower portion ofsaid vat arranged to circulate a cleansing fluid in said vat, an electric driving motor for said impeller, a pair of drain ports arranged in the lower portion'of said lvat, one of said ports being arranged above the other, a valve controlling the lower of said ports, a spring member biasing said valve to its open position,an electromagnetic device arranged when energized to close said valve against the bias of said spring, a uid pump having its intake in iiuid communication with both or said drain ports, an electric driving motor i'or said pump, a

source of electrical supply for said motors and said electromagnetic device and a single manually operable multi-position switch interposed in the connections between said source ot supply andsaid motors and said electromagnetic device arranged to be operated to successivecontrolling positions to controll said connections so as' to establish a predetermined sequence of operation ot said impeller and said valve and said pump by movement of said switch to saidpositions, said switch being arranged tobe operated to said positions selectively independently of said other positions to eiiect the corresponding control of said impeller, valve and pump. 7. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat adapted to contain a cleansingA fluid, a. rotary impeller in vsaid vat arranged to circulate said iluid in said' vat, a spray device substantially coaxial with the axis of rotation of said impeller, a plurality of conduits within said vat spaced about said impeller and provided with extensions passing over said impeller and communicating with said spray device in said axis of rotation,

means for supplying said conduits with a cleans- 15 ing fluid and an open-work utensil Supporting tray supported by said conduits.

8. Dishwashing apparatus ,comprising a vat adapted to contain a cleansing fluid, a rotary impeller in said v at arranged to circulate said cleansing iiuid upwardly andoutwardly in said vat; a spray device arranged above said impeller sub-,R stantially in its axis of rotation, a plurality of conduits in said vat, 4each provided with a vertical portion outside the path swept oy said impeller and a portion inclined with respect to said vertical portion toward said axis of rotation of said impeller and communicating with said spray device substantiallyin said axis of rotation,` a source of fluid supply, conduit means connecting said conduits with said source of supply, a utensil supporting tray, and means mounted on said conduits supporting said tray.

9. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat adapted to contain a cleansing iiuid, a dish sup- $5 porting rack in said vat, an impeller within said vat below said raclry arranged for vrotation on an axis lying substantially in the" vertical axis of said vat and provided with blades arranged to circulate said cleansing iiuid upwardly and out- 4 0 wardly through said rack, a plurality of vertically arranged conduits-spaced at interv about said impeller and having` portions extending inwardly to said Aaxis of rotation of said impeller and said vat, a conduit in said axis o! rotation communicating with said first named conduits, a reaction sprayA device supported Aby said last r named conduit and in fluid communication withl it, a'closed conduitsurrounding said impeller in iiuid communication with said vertically arranged conduits and means for supplying said last named conduit with a cleansing uid. l

10. In dishwashing apparatus having a vat adapted to contain a'cleansing fluid, a dish supporting rack in said vat and a rotary impeller within said vat for circulating said cleansing iiuid through said rack, means for supplying said vat with liluid and for eifecting spraying action on the dishes in said rack comprising a fluid conduit arranged in said vat laterally of said impeller 6o and provided with a portion turned in above said impellerl and terminating in the axis of rotation of said impeller, a reaction spray device supported by said inturned portion in said axis of rotation of said impeller and in fluid communi- 35 cation with said conduit, means for supplying fluid tosaid conduit, an openwork utensil supporting rack, and. means mounted upon and supported by said inturned portionsupporting said rack.

-11. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat.70-

saidv vat and provided with blades arranged to,v

circulate saidv cleansing uid upwardly and out*E wardly through said rack, a plurality of vertically arranged conduits spaced at intervals about said impeller and having portions extending invwardly to said axis of rotation of said impeller,

and said vertical axis of said vat, a conduit in said axis of rotation above said impeller communicat ing with said rst named conduits, a reaction spray device supported by said last named con- 0 duit and in iiuid communication with it, a utensil receiving tray surrounding said last namedy conduit, -supporting means on said last-named` conduit for said utensil receiving tray, and means for supplying said first named conduits with a cleansing fluid.

12. Dishwashing apparatus comprising a vat.

uid supply conduit means communicating with 

